This part of IEC 61282, which is a technical report, presents general information about inservice measurements of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) and chromatic dispersion (CD) in fibre optic links. It describes the background and need for these measurements, the various methods and techniques developed thus far, and their possible implementations for practical applications.<\/p>\n
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| 4<\/td>\n | CONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 6<\/td>\n | FOREWORD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 8<\/td>\n | INTRODUCTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 9<\/td>\n | 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Symbols, acronyms and abbreviated terms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 11<\/td>\n | 4 Background Figures Figure 1 \u2013 Out-of-service fibre characterization with broadband optical probe signal <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 12<\/td>\n | Figure 2 \u2013 In-service fibre characterization with non-intrusive method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 13<\/td>\n | Figure 3 \u2013 Semi-intrusive in-service fibre characterization using narrowband probe signal <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 14<\/td>\n | 5 Non-intrusive fibre characterization 5.1 PMD measurement via polarization-sensitive spectral analysis 5.1.1 Introductory remark <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 15<\/td>\n | 5.1.2 Measurement principle <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 16<\/td>\n | Figure 4 \u2013 Rayleigh PDF for \u0394\u03c4 eff compared with Maxwellian PDF for \u0394\u03c4 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 17<\/td>\n | 5.1.3 Methods for measuring \u0394\u03c4 eff via polarization analysis Figure 5 \u2013 PMD-induced polarization rotation within the spectrum of a modulated signal <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 18<\/td>\n | Figure 6 \u2013 Set-up for measuring PMD-induced polarization rotations in optical signals Figure 7 \u2013 Modified set-up for measuring PMD-induced polarization rotations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 19<\/td>\n | Figure 8 \u2013 Sequence of polarization transformations leading to a scan with Pp \u2248 Ps \nat \u03bd =0 (left) and corresponding power ratios (right) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 20<\/td>\n | Figure 9 \u2013 Sequence of polarization transformations with Pp \u2248 Ps at \u03bd =0 (left) \nand corresponding rotation angles (right) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 21<\/td>\n | 5.1.4 Measurement accuracy <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 23<\/td>\n | 5.1.5 Measurement set-up example Figure 10 \u2013 Apparatus using coherent detection to measure \u0394\u03c4 eff <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 24<\/td>\n | 5.2 CD and PMD measurements based on high-speed intensity detection 5.2.1 Introductory remark <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 25<\/td>\n | Figure 11 \u2013 Apparatus for GVD measurements in a transmitted signalusing a high-speed receiver with time-domain waveform analysis or, alternatively, RF spectrum analysis <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 26<\/td>\n | 5.2.2 Asynchronous waveform sampling Figure 12 \u2013 Set-up for determining the sign of the GVD in the fibre link with an additional optical CD element of known GVD magnitude and sign <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 27<\/td>\n | Figure 13 \u2013 Asynchronous sampling of the waveform of a 10 Gbit\/s NRZ-OOK signal <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 28<\/td>\n | Figure 14 \u2013 Asynchronously sampled waveform histograms of a 10 Gbit\/s NRZ-OOK signal without dispersion, with 1 000 ps\/nm GVD, and with 48 ps DGD Figure 15 \u2013 Asynchronous waveform analysis with two successive samples per symbol period <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 29<\/td>\n | Figure 16 \u2013 Apparatus for asynchronous waveform analysis with time-delayed dual sampling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 30<\/td>\n | Figure 17 \u2013 Phase portraits of a 10 Gbit\/s NRZ-OOK signal with various amounts of GVD and DGD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 31<\/td>\n | 5.2.3 RF spectral analysis Figure 18 \u2013 Phase portraits of a 10 Gbit\/s NRZ-OOK signal where in the timedelay between each sample pair is set to half the symbol period <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 32<\/td>\n | Figure 19 \u2013 RF spectra of directly detected 10 Gbit\/s NRZ- and RZ-OOK signals distorted by various amounts of GVD Figure 20 \u2013 Magnitude of the clock frequency component in the RF spectraof 10 Gbit\/s NRZ- and RZ-OOK signals as a function of GVD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 33<\/td>\n | Figure 21 \u2013 Impact of PMD on the RF spectra of directly detected 10 Gbit\/s NRZ- and RZ-OOK signals Figure 22 \u2013 Apparatus for simultaneous GVD and DGD measurements on NRZ- or RZ-OOK signals using separate detectors for upper and lower modulation sidebands <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 34<\/td>\n | 5.3 CD and PMD measurements based on high-speed coherent detection 5.3.1 Introductory remark Figure 23 \u2013 Optical filtering of a 10 Gbit\/s NRZ-OOK signal for separate detectionof upper and lower modulation sidebands <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 35<\/td>\n | 5.3.2 Heterodyne detection 5.3.3 Direct detection with optical CD or PMD compensation Figure 24 \u2013 RF power spectrum of a 10 Gbit\/s NRZ-OOK signal detected with an optical heterodyne receiver <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 36<\/td>\n | Figure 25 \u2013 Apparatus for measuring GVD with calibrated optical CD compensator <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 37<\/td>\n | 5.3.4 Electronic CD and PMD compensation in intradyne coherent receiver Figure 26 \u2013 Apparatus for measuring PMD with calibrated optical DGD compensator <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 38<\/td>\n | Figure 27 \u2013 Coherent optical receiver with high-speed digital signal processing and electronic CD and PMD compensation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 39<\/td>\n | 6 Semi-intrusive fibre characterization with special probe signals 6.1 CD measurement using multi-tone probe signal 6.1.1 Introductory remark 6.1.2 Differential phase shift method with narrowband probe signals <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 40<\/td>\n | Figure 28 \u2013 Spectrum of an amplitude modulated dual-wavelength probe signal <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 41<\/td>\n | Figure 29 \u2013 Signal generator and analyser for dual-wavelength probe signal Figure 30 \u2013 Four-wavelength probe signal generator using high-speed modulator <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 42<\/td>\n | Figure 31 \u2013 Example of end-to-end CD measurements in 6 unused WDM channels <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 43<\/td>\n | 6.1.3 Issues of transmitting alien probe signals Figure 32 \u2013 In-service CD measurement with broadband probe signal <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 44<\/td>\n | 6.1.4 Exemplary procedure for in-service CD measurements Figure 33 \u2013 Modified dual-wavelength probe signal with un-modulated carrier <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 45<\/td>\n | 6.2 PMD measurement with special probe signals 6.2.1 Introductory remark 6.2.2 Probe signal generator for PMD measurements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 46<\/td>\n | Figure 34 \u2013 Probe signal generator for PMD measurements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 47<\/td>\n | Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Fibre optic communication system design guides – Guidance on in-service PMD and CD characterization of fibre optic links<\/b><\/p>\n |