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BS IEC 60034-27-2:2023

BS IEC 60034-27-2:2023

$215.11

Radiation protection instrumentation. Installed personnel surface contamination monitors – On-line partial discharge measurements on the stator winding insulation

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2023 72
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PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
4 English
CONTENTS
8 FOREWORD
10 INTRODUCTION
12 1 Scope
2 Normative references
13 3 Terms and definitions
15 4 Cause and effects of on-line PD
16 5 Noise and disturbances
5.1 General
5.2 Noise and disturbance sources
17 6 Measuring techniques and instruments
6.1 General
Figures
Figure 1 – Generic overview of PD measuring system and its subsystems
18 6.2 Pulse propagation in windings
6.3 Signal transfer characteristics
Figure 2 – Cascade of frequency response channels
19 Figure 3 – Idealized frequency response of a PD pulse at the PD source andat the machine terminals; frequency response of different PD measuring systems:a) low frequency range, b) high frequency range, c) very high frequency range
21 6.4 PD sensors
6.4.1 General
6.4.2 Design of PD sensors
22 6.4.3 Reliability of PD sensors
6.5 PD measuring device
23 6.6 PD measuring parameters
6.6.1 General
6.6.2 PD magnitude
6.6.3 Additional PD parameters
7 Installation of measuring systems
7.1 General
7.2 Installation of PD sensors
24 7.3 Outside access point and cabling
25 7.4 Installation of the PD measuring device
7.5 Installation of operational data acquisition systems
26 8 Normalization of measurements
8.1 General
8.2 Normalization for low frequency systems
8.2.1 General
8.2.2 Normalization procedure
27 8.3 Normalization / sensitivity check for high and very high frequency systems
8.3.1 Specification for the electronic pulse generation
Figure 4 – Measuring object, during normalization, neutral pointin same condition as during operation
28 Figure 5 – Arrangement for sensitivity check
29 8.3.2 Configuration of the machine
8.3.3 Sensitivity check
9 Measuring procedures
9.1 General
30 9.2 Machine operating parameters
9.3 Baseline measurement
9.3.1 General
9.3.2 Comprehensive test procedure
31 9.4 Periodic measurements
Figure 6 – Recommended test procedure with consecutive loadand temperature conditions
32 9.5 Continuous measurements
10 Visualization of measurements
10.1 General
Table 1 – Operating condition stability to obtain valid trends in PD
33 10.2 Visualization of trending parameters
10.3 Visualization of PD patterns
Figure 7 – Example of the trend in peak PD activity in three phases overan 18-year interval using periodic measurements
34 Figure 8 – Examples of a PRPD pattern
35 Figure 9 – Phase to phase PD PRPD plots where the PD is caused by insufficient spacing between the endwindings of phases B and C
36 11 Interpretation of on-line measurements
11.1 General
11.2 Evaluation of basic trend parameters
37 11.3 Evaluation of PD patterns
11.3.1 General
38 11.3.2 PD pattern interpretation
11.4 Effect of machine operating factors
11.4.1 General
11.4.2 Machine operating factors
39 11.4.3 Steady state load conditions
11.4.4 Transient load conditions
40 12 Test report
43 Annex A (informative)Nature of PD in rotating electrical machines
A.1 Types of PD in rotating electrical machines
A.1.1 General
A.1.2 Internal discharges
44 A.1.3 Slot discharges
A.1.4 Discharges in the end-winding
A.1.5 Conductive particles
A.2 Arcing and sparking
A.2.1 General
45 A.2.2 Arcing at broken conductors
A.2.3 Vibration sparking
46 Annex B (informative)Disturbance rejection and signal separation
B.1 General
B.2 Frequency domain separation
B.3 Time domain separation
47 B.4 Combination of frequency and time domain separation
Figure B.1 – Example for time domain separation by time of pulse arrival
48 B.5 Synchronous multi-channel measurement
Figure B.2 – Combined time and frequency domain disturbance separation(time frequency map)
49 B.6 Signal gating
Figure B.3 – 3 phase star diagram of multi-channel measurement
50 B.7 Pattern recognition
52 Annex C (informative)Examples of Phase Resolved Partial Discharge (PRPD) pattern
C.1 General
C.2 Principal appearance of phase resolved PD patterns
53 Figure C.1 – Phase-earth driven PD – PD predominantly centeredon 45° and 225° after zero crossing of phase-to-earth voltage
54 Figure C.2 – PD events and other sources, e.g. non-PD sources, that are not centered on 45° and 225° after zero crossing of phase-to-earth voltage
55 C.3 Example of typical PRPD patterns recorded in laboratory
C.3.1 General
C.3.2 Internal discharges
56 Figure C.3 – Example of internal void discharges PRPD pattern,recorded during laboratory simulation
Figure C.4 – Example of internal delamination PRPD pattern,recorded during laboratory simulation
57 C.3.3 Slot partial discharges
Figure C.5 – Example of delamination between conductorand insulation PRPD pattern, recorded during laboratory simulation
58 C.3.4 Discharges in the end-winding
Figure C.6 – Slot partial discharges activity and corresponding PRPD pattern,recorded during laboratory simulation
Figure C.7 – Corona activity at the S/C and stress grading coating,and corresponding PRPD pattern, recorded during laboratory simulation
59 Figure C.8 – Surface tracking activity along the end arm and correspondingPRPD pattern, recorded during laboratory simulation
60 Figure C.9 – Surface discharges at the junction between stress control and conductive slot coatings:a) Insulating tape simulating a bad electrical connection between conductive slot coating and stress control coating and the corresponding PRPD;b) and c) the connection is completely interrupted
61 C.4 Example of typical PRPD patterns recorded on-line
C.4.1 General
C.4.2 Internal discharges
Figure C.10 – Gap type discharge activities and corresponding PRPD patterns,recorded during laboratory simulations
62 Figure C.11 – Example of internal void discharges PRPD pattern,recorded on-line
Figure C.12 – Example of internal delamination PRPD pattern, recorded on-line
63 C.4.3 Slot partial discharges
Figure C.13 – Example of delamination between conductor andinsulation PRPD pattern, recorded on-line
64 C.4.4 Discharges in the end-winding
Figure C.14 – PD pattern of phase 2 recorded on-line in April 2012without any filtering indicating slot PD
Figure C.15 – Picture of a bar removed for expertise chosen to be the one with the highest level on phase 2 and close to line side when scanning slots using the TVA probe in January 2014
Figure C.16 – PD pattern recorded on-line on phase 2 in September 2016 (maximum scale is 1 V)
65 Figure C.17 – PRPD plot and photo of a stator bar in the same phase of a large aircooled turbine generator showing signs of deterioration of the slot conductive coating, as well deterioration of the interface between the slot conductive coating and the stress control coating
Figure C.18 – Surface tracking activity along the end arm andcorresponding PRPD pattern, recorded on-line
66 Figure C.19 – Degradation caused by gap type dischargesand corresponding PRPD patterns, recorded on-line
67 C.5 Other complex examples
Figure C.20 – PRPD pattern recorded on-line, illustratingmultiple PD sources showing the complexity
68 Figure C.21 – Three phase PRPD showing phase to phase PD between A and B phases as well as B and C phases; photo showing the as-found PD in the endwinding area due to inadequate separation between the phases
69 Annex D (normative)Specifications for conventional PD coupling capacitors
D.1 General
D.2 Datasheet information
D.3 Type tests
D.3.1 General
D.3.2 Voltage endurance
70 D.3.3 Tracking resistance
D.3.4 Lightning impulse test
D.3.5 Dissipation factor
D.3.6 Capacitance stability in temperature
D.3.7 Thermal cycling
D.3.8 Frequency response
D.4 Mechanical vibration and shock capabilities
71 D.5 Routine tests
D.5.1 General
D.5.2 Dielectric withstand test at power frequency
D.5.3 Partial discharge extinction voltage test
D.5.4 Capacitance and dissipation factor

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BS IEC 60034-27-2:2023
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