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BS EN IEC 61557-12:2022+A1:2022

BS EN IEC 61557-12:2022+A1:2022

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Electrical safety in low voltage distribution systems up to 1 000 V AC and 1 500 V DC. Equipment for testing, measuring or monitoring of protective measures – Power metering and monitoring devices (PMD)

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BSI 2022 134
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This part of IEC 61557 specifies requirements for power metering and monitoring devices (PMD) that measure and monitor the electrical quantities within electrical distribution systems, and optionally other external signals. These requirements also defin the performance of PMD in single- and three-phace AC or DC systems having rated voltages up to 1000 V AC or up to 1500 V DC. These devices are fixed or portable. They are intended to be used indoors and/or outdoors. Power metering and monitoring devices (PMD), as defined in this document, give additional safety information, which aids the verification of the installation and enhances the performance of the distribution systems. Additionally, this document specifies requirements for measurement functions dedicated to metering and monitoring of electrical parameters called power metering and monitoring function (PMF) which can be embedded in equipment (EMPF) that is not classified as PMD and for which the main function is not power metering and monitoring. Requirements for power metering and monitoring function (PMF) and additional requirements for equipments embedding power metering and monitoring function (EPMF) are described in Annex H. The power metering and monitoring devices (PMD) for electrical parameters described in this document are used for general industrial and commercial applications. This document does not address functional safety and cyber security aspects. This document is not applicable to: – electricity metering equipment that complies with IEC 62053-21, IEC 62053-22, IEC 62053-23 and IEC 62053-24. Nevertheless, uncertainties defined in this document for active and reactive energy measurement are derived from those defined in IEC 62053 (all parts); – the measurement and monitoring of electrical parameters defined in IEC 61557-2 to IEC 61557-9 and IEC 61557-13 or in IEC 62020; – power quality instrument (PQI) according IEC 62586 (all parts); – devices covered by IEC 60051 (all parts) (direct acting analogue electrical measuring instrument). Note 1 Generally such types of devices are used in the following applications or for the following general needs: – energy management inside the installation, such as facilitating the implementation of documents such as ISO 50001 and IEC 60364-8-1; – monitoring and/or measurement of electrical parameters; – measurement and/or monitoring of the quality of energy inside commercial/industrial installations. Note 2 A measuring and monitoring device of electrical parameters usually consists of several functional modules. All or some of the functional modules are combined in one device. Examples of fuctnional modules are: – measurement and monitoring of several electrical parameters simultaneously; – energy measurement and/or monitoring, as well as sometimes compliance with aspects of building regulations; – alarms functions; – demand side quality (current and voltage harmonics, over/under voltages, voltage dips and swells, etc.). Note 3 PMD are historically called power meter, power monitor, power monitor device, power energy monitoring device, power analyser, multifunction meter, measuring multifunction equipment, energe meters. Note 4 Metering, measuring and monitoring applications are explained in Annex A.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
8 Blank Page
12 Blank Page
13 English
CONTENTS
20 FOREWORD
22 INTRODUCTION
23 1 Scope
24 2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions and notations
25 3.1 General definitions
27 3.2 Definitions related to uncertainty and performance
30 3.3 Definitions related to electric phenomena
33 3.4 Definitions related to measurement techniques
34 3.5 Notations
3.5.1 Functions
3.5.2 Symbols and abbreviations
35 3.5.3 Indices
4 Requirements
4.1 General requirements
4.2 PMD general architecture
36 4.3 Classification of PMD
Figures
Figure 1 – PMD generic measurement chain
Table 1 – Functional classification of PMD with minimal required functions
37 4.4 Structure of PMD
4.4.1 Structure of PMD related to sensors
4.4.2 Requirements for self-powered PMD
Figure 2 – Description of different types of PMD
Tables
Table 2 – Structure of PMD
38 4.5 List of applicable performance classes
4.6 Operating and reference conditions for PMD
4.6.1 Reference conditions
Table 3 – List of applicable performance classes
39 4.6.2 Rated operating conditions
Table 4 – Reference conditions for testing
Table 5 – Rated operating temperatures for portable equipment
40 Table 6 – Rated operating temperatures for fixed installed equipment
Table 7 – Humidity and altitude operating conditions
41 4.7 Start-up conditions
4.8 Requirements for PMD functions
4.8.1 General requirements
Figure 3 – Relationship between ambient air temperature and relative humidity
42 4.8.2 Active power (P) and active energy (Ea) measurements
43 Table 8 – Intrinsic uncertainty table for active power and active energy measurement
44 Table 9 – Influence quantities for active power and active energy measurement (1 of 3)
47 Table 10 – Minimum test period
48 4.8.3 Reactive power (QA, QV) and reactive energy (ErA, ErV) measurements
Table 11 – Starting current for active power and active energy measurement
Table 12 – Intrinsic uncertainty table for reactive power and reactive energy measurement
49 Table 13 – Influence quantities for reactive power and reactive energy measurement
50 Table 14 – Minimum test period
51 4.8.4 Apparent power (SA, SV) and apparent energy (EapA, EapV) measurements
Table 15 – Starting current for reactive energy measurement
Table 16 – Intrinsic uncertainty table for apparent power and apparent energy measurement
52 Table 17 – Influence quantities for apparent power and apparent energy measurement
53 4.8.5 Frequency (f) measurements
Table 18 – Intrinsic uncertainty table for frequency measurement
54 4.8.6 RMS phase current (I) and neutral current (IN, INc) measurements
Table 19 – Influence quantities for frequency measurement
Table 20 – Rated range of operation for phase current measurement
55 Table 21 – Rated range of operation for neutral current (calculated or measured)
Table 22 – Intrinsic uncertainty table for phase current
Table 23 – Intrinsic uncertainty table for neutral current measurement
56 Table 24 – Intrinsic uncertainty table for neutral current calculation
57 Table 25 – Influence quantities for phase current and neutral current measurement
58 4.8.7 RMS voltage (U) measurements
Table 26 – Rated range of operation for RMS voltage measurement
Table 27 – Intrinsic uncertainty table for RMS voltage measurement
59 Table 28 – Influence quantities for RMS voltage measurement
60 4.8.8 Power factor (PFA, PFV) measurements
4.8.9 Short term flicker (Pst) and long term flicker (Plt) measurements
Table 29 – Intrinsic uncertainty table for power factor measurement
61 4.8.10 Voltage dip (Udip) and voltage swell (Uswl) measurements
Table 30 – Intrinsic uncertainty table for flicker measurement
63 Table 31 – Rated range of operation for voltage dips and swells measurement
64 Table 32 – Intrinsic uncertainty table for voltage dips and swells measurement
65 Table 33 – Influence quantities for dips and swells measurement
66 4.8.11 Voltage interruption (Uint) measurements
67 4.8.12 Transient overvoltage (Utr) measurements
4.8.13 Voltage unbalance (Unb, Unba) measurements
Table 34 – Intrinsic uncertainty table for voltage interruption measurement
Table 35 – Intrinsic uncertainty table for transient overvoltage measurement
68 4.8.14 Voltage harmonics (Uh) and voltage THD (THDu and THD-Ru) measurements
Table 36 – Intrinsic uncertainty table for voltage unbalance measurement
Table 37 – Rated range of operation for voltage harmonics measurement
Table 38 – Intrinsic uncertainty table for voltage harmonics measurement
69 4.8.15 Current unbalance (Inb, Inba) measurements
Table 39 – Intrinsic uncertainty table for voltage THDu or THD-Ru measurement
Table 40 – Intrinsic uncertainty table for current unbalance measurement
70 4.8.16 Current harmonics (Ih) and current THD (THDi and THD-Ri) measurements
Table 41 – Rated range of operation for current harmonics measurement
Table 42 – Intrinsic uncertainty table for current harmonics measurement
Table 43 – Intrinsic uncertainty table for current THDi and THD-Ri measurement
71 4.8.17 Minimum, maximum, peak, three-phases average and demand measurements
4.9 General mechanical requirements
4.9.1 Vibration requirements
4.9.2 IP requirements
Table 44 – Minimum IP requirements for PMD
72 4.10 Safety requirements
4.10.1 Protection against electrical hazards
73 4.10.2 Protection against mechanical hazards
4.10.3 Protection against other hazards
4.11 EMC requirements
4.11.1 Immunity
4.11.2 Emission
4.12 Inputs and/or outputs
4.12.1 General
4.12.2 Analog outputs
74 4.12.3 Pulse outputs
4.12.4 Control outputs
4.12.5 Analog inputs
4.12.6 Pulse and control inputs
5 Marking and operating instructions
5.1 General
5.2 Marking
75 5.3 Operating, installation and maintenance instructions
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 General characteristics
5.3.3 Essential characteristics
76 Table 45 – PMD specification form
77 6 Tests
6.1 General
Table 46 – Characteristics specification template
78 6.2 Type tests of PMD
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Tests of intrinsic uncertainty
6.2.3 Tests of variation of uncertainty with influence quantities
6.2.4 Test of temperature influence
79 6.2.5 Active power
Figure 4 – Waveform for odd harmonics influence test on active power measurement
80 Figure 5 – Spectral content for odd harmonics influence test on active power measurement
81 6.2.6 Apparent power
Figure 6 – Waveform for sub-harmonics influence test on active power measurement
Figure 7 – Spectral content for sub-harmonics influence teston active power measurement
82 6.2.7 Power factor
6.2.8 Common mode voltage rejection test
6.2.9 Frequency
Figure 8 – Common mode voltage influence testing
83 6.2.10 Measurement of voltage harmonics and THDu
6.2.11 Measurement of current harmonics and THDi
Figure 9 – Waveform for harmonics influence teston frequency measurement
84 6.2.12 Dips and swells
6.2.13 Voltage interruptions
6.2.14 Outputs tests
85 6.2.15 Climatic tests
86 6.2.16 EMC tests
6.2.17 Start-up tests
6.2.18 Gapless measurement test
6.2.19 Safety tests
6.3 Routine tests
6.3.1 Protective bonding test
87 6.3.2 Dielectric strength test
6.3.3 Uncertainty test
88 Annexes
Annex A (informative) Metering, measuring and monitoring applications
A.1 Applications on demand side and supply side
A.2 Link between applications, devices and standards
Figure A.1 – Simplified overview of measurement applications on supply side and demand side
89 Table A.1 – Main measurement applications
90 Annex B (informative) Definitions of electrical parameters
B.1 General
B.2 Definitions in the presence of a neutral
Table B.1 – Definition of symbols
91 Table B.2 – Calculation definitions for electrical parameters
94 B.3 Power measurement in three-phase three-wire systems using the two-wattmeter method
B.3.1 General
Figure B.1 – Arithmetic and vector apparent powers in sinusoidal situation
95 B.3.2 Total active power
B.3.3 Total vector reactive power using quadrature phase shift definition
Figure B.2 – Three-phase circuit without neutral
96 B.3.4 Total vector reactive power using Budeanu’s definition
B.4 Additional relationships in case of sinusoidal voltage
97 Annex C (informative) Convention about the sign of the power factor
C.1 General
C.2 Convention for power factor (consumer perspective)
Figure C.1 – Formatting of power factor with a consumer perspective
98 C.3 Convention for power factor (producer reference frame)
Figure C.2 – Convention for power factor with a producer perspective
Table C.1 – Conventions for the sign of Power factor with a Consumer perspective
99 Table C.2 – Conventions for the sign of power factor with a producer perspective
100 Annex D (normative) Definitions of minimum, maximum, peak and demand values
D.1 Demand quantities
D.1.1 General
D.1.2 Power demand
D.1.3 Current demand
D.1.4 Thermal current demand (or bi-metal current demand)
D.1.5 Specified intervals for demand calculation
Figure D.1 – Thermal current demand
101 D.2 Peak demand quantities
D.3 Three-phase average quantities
D.4 Maximum and minimum quantities
Figure D.2 – Fixed block interval
Figure D.3 – Sliding block interval
102 Annex E (informative) Intrinsic uncertainty and operating uncertainty
E.1 General
E.2 Operating uncertainty calculation
Figure E.1 – Different kinds of uncertainties
103 Figure E.2 – Flowchart for the determination of the operating uncertainty
104 Annex F (informative) Recommended sensor classes for the different kinds of PMD
F.1 General considerations
F.2 Specific case of an active power and energy measurement, achieved by a PMD associated with an external current sensor or/and a voltage sensor
F.3 List of functions affected by uncertainty of external sensors
Table F.1 – PMD SD associated with current sensor or PMD DS associated with voltage sensor or PMD SS associated with voltage and current sensors
105 Table F.2 – List of functions affected by uncertainty of external sensors
106 Annex G (informative) Notion of measurement uncertainty
G.1 General considerations
G.2 Computing the expanded uncertainty
G.2.1 General
G.2.2 Estimated standard deviation
107 G.2.3 Expanded uncertainty
Table G.1 – Correction factor C(N) for sample size N
108 G.3 Determining the measurement uncertainty
G.3.1 Systematic error
G.3.2 Measurement uncertainty
Figure G.1 – Illustration of the notion of measurement uncertainty
109 G.4 Using the measurement uncertainty as a pass/fail criterion
G.4.1 Intrinsic uncertainty tests
G.4.2 Tests with influence quantities
G.4.3 Overall pass/fail criterion
110 Figure G.2 – Overview of the uncertainty test procedure
111 Annex H (normative) Requirements for power metering and monitoring function (PMF) and additional requirements for equipment embedding power metering and monitoring function (EPMF)
H.1 Scope
H.2 Normative references
112 H.3 Terms, definitions and notations
H.4 Requirements for PMF and additional requirements for EPMF
H.4.1 General requirements
Table H.1 – List of equipment that may embed EPMF
113 H.4.2 EPMF general architecture
H.4.3 Classification of PMF
Figure H.1 – Example of architecture of EPMF
Table H.2 – Functional classification of PMF with minimal required functions
114 H.4.4 Structure of EPMF
H.4.5 List of applicable performance classes for PMF
H.4.6 Operating and reference conditions
Table H.3 – Structure of EPMF
115 H.4.7 Start-up conditions for EPMF
H.4.8 Requirements for PMF
H.4.9 General mechanical requirements
H.4.10 Safety requirements
H.4.11 EMC requirements
H.4.12 Inputs and/or outputs
Table H.4 – Value of current according to the type of EPMF
116 H.5 Marking and operating instructions
H.5.1 General
H.5.2 Marking
H.5.3 Operating, installation and maintenance instructions
Table H.5 – EPMF specification form
117 H.6 Tests
H.6.1 General
H.6.2 Type tests of EPMF
119 H.6.3 Routine tests of EPMF
120 Annex I (informative) Potential new requirements derived from IEC 62053-2x series of standards
I.1 Scope
121 I.2 Future requirements for active power (P) and active energy (Ea) measurements
I.2.1 Future intrinsic uncertainty tables
Table I.1 – Future intrinsic uncertainty table for active power and active energy measurement for classes > 0,5
Table I.2 – Future intrinsic uncertainty table for active power and active energy measurement for classes ≤ 0,5
122 I.2.2 Future limits of variations due to influence quantities
Table I.3 – Limits of variation in percentage error due to influence quantities for classes > 0,5
124 Table I.4 – Limits of variation in percentage error due to influence quantities for classes ≤ 0,5
127 I.3 Future requirements for reactive power (Q) and reactive energy (Er) measurements
I.3.1 Future intrinsic uncertainty tables
I.3.2 Limits of variation in percentage error due to influence quantities
Table I.5 – Future intrinsic uncertainty table for reactive power and reactive energy measurement
Table I.6 – Limits of variation in percentage error due to influence quantities
130 Bibliography

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BS EN IEC 61557-12:2022+A1:2022
$215.11