BS EN 1473:2016
$215.11
Installation and equipment for liquefied natural gas. Design of onshore installations
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| BSI | 2016 | 138 |
This European Standard gives guidelines for the design, construction and operation of all onshore liquefied natural gas (LNG) installations for the liquefaction, storage, vaporization, transfer and handling of LNG. This European Standard is valid for plants with LNG storage at pressure lower than 0.5 barg and capacity above 200 t and for the following plant types: – LNG liquefaction installations (plant), between the designated gas inlet boundary limit, and the outlet boundary limit which is usually the ship manifold and/or truck delivery station when applicable; feed gas can be from gas field, associated gas from oil field, piped gas from transportation grid or from renewables; – LNG regasification installations (plant), between the ship manifold and the designated gas outlet boundary limit; – peak-shaving plants, between designated gas inlet and outlet boundary limits; – the fix part of LNG bunkering station. A short description of each of these installations is given in Annex G. Floating solutions (FPSO, FSRU, SRV), whether off-shore or nearby shore, are not covered by this European Standard even if some concepts, principles or recommendations could be applied. However, in case of berthed FSRU with LNG transfer across the jetty, the following recommendations apply for the jetty and topside facilities if the jetty is located within 3 000 m from the shore line. In case of FSU type solution, the tank safety functions as defined in Clause 6 shall be checked and implemented. The on-shore part is covered by these standard recommendations. This standard is not applicable for installations not specifically referred or covered by other standards, e.g. LNG fuelling stations, LNG road or rail tankers and LNG bunkering vessels. The plants with a storage inventory from 50 t up to 200 t with tanks at a pressure higher than 0.5 barg are covered by EN 13645. For plants with a larger inventory and with storage pressure over 0.5 barg, the storage vessels shall comply with EN 13445 and their impacts on the plant safety shall be appraised during the QRA.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 4 | Contents Page |
| 11 | 1 Scope 2 Normative references |
| 15 | 3 Terms and definitions |
| 20 | 4 Safety and environment 4.1 General |
| 21 | 4.2 Environmental impact 4.2.1 Environmental Impact Assessment 4.2.2 Plant emissions 4.2.3 Emission control |
| 22 | 4.2.4 Flare/venting philosophy 4.2.5 Noise Control 4.2.6 External traffic routes 4.2.7 Water discharge 4.3 Safety general 4.3.1 Safety philosophy approach |
| 23 | 4.3.2 Installation and its surrounding 4.3.2.1 Description of the installation 4.3.2.2 Site study |
| 24 | 4.3.2.3 Climatology 4.3.2.4 Seismology |
| 25 | 4.3.2.5 Location |
| 26 | 4.4 Hazard assessment 4.4.1 General 4.4.2 Assessment 4.4.2.1 Methodology |
| 27 | 4.4.2.2 Identification of hazards of external origin 4.4.2.3 Identification of hazards of internal origin |
| 29 | 4.4.2.4 Estimation of probabilities 4.4.2.5 Estimation of consequences |
| 31 | 4.4.3 Safety improvement |
| 32 | 4.5 Safety engineering during design and construction 4.5.1 Introduction 4.5.2 Design 4.5.2.1 Common safety design features |
| 34 | 4.5.2.2 Site specific: Seismic protection |
| 35 | 4.5.3 Reviews 4.6 Safety during operation 4.6.1 General |
| 36 | 4.6.2 Preparation for plant operation 4.6.3 Safety during plant operation 5 Jetties and marine facilities 5.1 General 5.2 Siting 5.3 Engineering design |
| 37 | 5.4 Safety 6 Storage and retention systems 6.1 General 6.2 Types of tank |
| 38 | 6.3 Types of containment |
| 39 | 6.4 Design principles 6.4.1 General requirements 6.4.2 Fluid tightness |
| 40 | 6.4.3 Tank connections 6.4.4 Thermal insulation |
| 41 | 6.4.5 Operating actions 6.5 General design rules |
| 42 | 6.6 Foundations 6.7 Operating instruments 6.7.1 General |
| 43 | 6.7.2 Liquid level 6.7.3 Pressure 6.7.4 Temperature 6.7.5 Density |
| 44 | 6.8 Pressure and vacuum protection 6.8.1 General 6.8.2 Origin of the boil off gas in the tank vapour space 6.8.3 Pressure relief valves |
| 45 | 6.8.4 Rupture disc 6.8.5 Vacuum 6.8.5.1 General 6.8.5.2 Gas injection system 6.8.5.3 Vacuum relief valves 6.9 Bund walls and impounding area for single and double containment 6.9.1 General |
| 46 | 6.9.2 Impounding area for single containment 6.9.3 Impounding area for double containment 6.9.4 Materials 6.9.5 Recovery of water 6.9.6 Retention capacity |
| 47 | 6.10 Safety equipment 6.10.1 Anti-roll-over devices 6.10.2 Protection against lightning 6.10.3 Reliability and monitoring of structure 6.10.3.1 Reliability 6.10.3.2 Monitoring of structure |
| 48 | 6.10.3.3 Temperature sensors 6.10.3.4 Heating system control 6.10.3.5 Settling monitoring 6.10.3.6 Primary container leak detection 6.10.3.7 Tank external leak and fire detection 6.11 Tank piping 6.11.1 Cool down piping 6.11.2 Filling piping 6.12 Distance between tanks |
| 49 | 6.13 Commissioning and decommissioning 6.14 Testing 7 LNG pumps 7.1 General |
| 50 | 7.2 Materials 7.3 Specific requirements 7.4 Inspection and testing 8 Vaporization of LNG 8.1 General requirements 8.1.1 Function 8.1.2 Materials |
| 51 | 8.1.3 Protective coating 8.1.4 Natural gas circuits 8.1.5 Stability/vibration 8.1.6 Safety relief valves |
| 52 | 8.1.7 Performance data 8.2 Design conditions 8.3 Vaporiser requirements 9 Pipe-work 9.1 General 9.2 Piping systems 9.2.1 Piping system scope |
| 53 | 9.2.2 The main process systems 9.2.3 Auxiliary process systems 9.2.4 Utility systems |
| 54 | 9.2.5 Fire protection systems 9.3 Rules for design 9.3.1 General requirements 9.3.2 Flow characteristics |
| 55 | 9.4 Pressure tests 9.5 Piping components 9.5.1 General |
| 56 | 9.5.2 Pipe 9.5.2.1 General 9.5.2.2 Pipe joints |
| 57 | 9.5.2.3 Pipe supports 9.5.2.4 Compensation of contractions due to cold 9.5.3 Flexible hoses |
| 58 | 9.6 Valves 9.7 Relief valves |
| 59 | 9.8 Thermal insulation 9.8.1 General 9.8.2 Piping insulation |
| 60 | 9.8.3 Fire behaviour 9.8.4 Gas absorption 9.8.5 Moisture resistance 9.8.6 Differential movements |
| 61 | 9.8.7 Thickness determination 9.8.8 Thermal conductivity |
| 63 | 9.9 Pipe rack/pipe way 9.10 Corrosion 10 Reception/send out of natural gas 10.1 Metering 10.1.1 Background 10.1.2 Flow metering |
| 64 | 10.2 Gas quality 10.2.1 Background 10.2.2 Gas quality adjustment 10.3 Odourizing 11 Boil off recovery and treatment plants 11.1 General |
| 65 | 11.2 Boil off collection system 11.3 System of gas return to tanker(s) or to export terminal |
| 66 | 11.4 Boil off gas recovery 11.5 Gas compressor 11.6 Flare/vent 11.6.1 General |
| 67 | 11.6.2 For import terminal 11.6.3 For export terminal |
| 68 | 12 Auxiliary circuits and buildings 12.1 Electrical equipment 12.1.1 General requirements 12.1.2 Main electric power supply 12.1.3 Emergency Power Supply (EPS) |
| 69 | 12.1.4 Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) 12.1.5 Lighting 12.2 Lightning and earthing 12.2.1 Lightning protection 12.2.2 Earthing circuit |
| 70 | 12.3 Cathodic protection 12.4 Warning lights 12.5 Sea water supply 12.5.1 Materials 12.5.2 Water pumping 12.6 Gas contaminant removal plant 12.7 Instrument air |
| 71 | 12.8 Fuel (utility) gas 12.9 Nitrogen system |
| 72 | 12.10 Buildings 13 Hazard management 13.1 Inherent safety 13.1.1 Provision for minimum safety spacing 13.1.2 LNG Plant layout |
| 73 | 13.1.3 Escape routes 13.1.4 Confinement 13.1.5 Direct accessibility to valves and equipment 13.1.6 Selection of appropriate electrical components according to the classified area |
| 74 | 13.1.7 Spillage collection, including paving in hazardous area 13.1.8 Retention systems in process and transfer areas 13.2 Passive protection 13.2.1 Fire proofing |
| 75 | 13.2.2 Embrittlement protection 13.3 Security |
| 76 | 13.4 Incident detection and signalling |
| 77 | 13.5 Emergency Shutdown System |
| 78 | 13.6 Active protection 13.6.1 Active protection definition 13.6.2 Fire water system |
| 79 | 13.6.3 Spraying system 13.6.4 Water curtains 13.6.4.1 General 13.6.4.2 Characteristics and location 13.6.4.3 Supply system and volume of flow |
| 80 | 13.6.5 Foam generation 13.6.6 Portable foam equipment 13.6.7 LNG fire extinguishing with dry powder 13.6.7.1 General |
| 81 | 13.6.7.2 Types of dry powder 13.6.7.3 Location of dry powder systems 13.6.8 Portable/mobile fire extinguishers 13.6.9 Firefighting vehicle |
| 82 | 13.7 Other requirements 13.7.1 Provision to minimize hazards in buildings 13.7.2 Fire cabinets / hoses boxes 13.7.3 Terminal firefighting maintenance and training |
| 83 | 14 Control and monitoring systems 14.1 General description 14.2 Process control system 14.2.1 Principle 14.2.2 Process control system design |
| 84 | 14.3 Safety control system 14.3.1 Principle 14.3.2 Emergency shut down (ESD) and safety actions 14.3.2.1 General |
| 85 | 14.3.2.2 ESD for marine transfer operations. 14.3.3 System capabilities 14.3.3.1 Main functions |
| 86 | 14.3.3.2 Safety Integrity Levels (SIL) 14.4 Access control system 14.5 Anti-intrusion system 14.6 CCTV 14.7 Jetty and marine monitoring and control |
| 87 | 14.8 Communications 14.9 Environmental monitoring and control 15 Construction, commissioning and turnaround 15.1 Quality assurance and quality control 15.2 Acceptance tests 15.3 Preparation at start-up and shutdown |
| 88 | 16 Preservation and corrosion protection 16.1 Painting |
| 89 | 16.2 Cathodic protection 17 Training for operations 18 Pre-operational marine training |
| 90 | Annex A (normative)Thermal radiation threshold values A.1 Heat radiation from LNG fires |
| 91 | A.2 Heat radiation from flare or ignited vent stack) |
| 93 | Annex B (normative)Definitions of reference flow rates B.1 General B.2 VT (heat input) B.3 VL (fluid input) B.4 VO (over filling) B.5 VF (flash at filling) |
| 94 | B.6 VR (LNG recirculation by a submersible pump) B.7 VA (variation in atmospheric pressure) |
| 95 | B.8 VV (control valve failure) B.9 VI (heat input in the course of a fire) B.10 VD (fluid suction) B.11 VC (compressors suction) |
| 96 | B.12 VB (roll-over) |
| 97 | Annex C (informative)Seismic classification C.1 Introduction C.2 Some basic principles C.3 Example of safety approach after SSE |
| 98 | C.4 Example of classification for SSE |
| 99 | Annex D (normative)Specific requirements for LNG pumps D.1 Introduction D.2 Design D.3 Inspection D.3.1 General D.3.2 Inspection of components submitted to pressure or rotation |
| 100 | D.3.3 Radiographic inspection D.3.4 Ultrasonic inspection D.3.5 Crack detection (dye penetrant inspection) D.3.6 Visual inspection D.3.7 Dimensional inspection D.3.8 Electrical inspections D.4 Testing D.4.1 Test condition D.4.2 Type tests and acceptance tests |
| 101 | D.4.3 Strength and tightness tests D.4.4 Performance tests |
| 102 | D.4.5 NPSH tests D.5 Declared values D.6 Marking |
| 103 | D.7 Particular requirements for submerged pumps and related cables D.7.1 Pot (can) mounted pumps D.7.2 Column mounted (in tank) type D.7.2.1 General D.7.2.2 Dedicated cables |
| 104 | D.7.2.3 Stainless steel tubes D.8 Vertical external motor pumps |
| 105 | Annex E (normative)Specific requirements for LNG vaporizers E.1 Operating parameters/declared performance E.2 Water stream vaporizers: Open rack type (ORV) E.2.1 Specific design requirements E.2.2 Water distribution |
| 106 | E.2.3 LNG and NG lines |
| 107 | E.2.4 LNG distribution E.2.5 Cleaning of the LNG/NG circuit E.2.6 Control/safety E.2.7 Shelters for vaporizers E.2.8 Water circuits E.2.9 Water quality E.3 Water stream vaporizers : Closed type (STV) |
| 108 | E.4 Intermediate fluid vaporizers (IFV) E.4.1 Atmospheric water bath type E.4.2 Forced flow type E.4.3 Condenser/vaporizer type E.5 Submerged combustion type vaporizers (SCV) E.5.1 Corrosion E.5.2 Control and safety |
| 110 | E.5.3 Water bath E.5.4 Vibration E.5.5 Arrangements for cold periods E.5.6 ELegionella E.6 Ambient air vaporizers (AAV) |
| 111 | Annex F (normative)Criteria for the design of pipes |
| 113 | Annex G (informative)Description of the different types of onshore LNG installations G.1 LNG liquefaction plant G.2 LNG receiving terminals |
| 114 | G.3 LNG peak shaving plants G.4 LNG satellite plants G.5 LNG bunkering stations |
| 115 | Annex H (informative)Definition of different types of LNG tanks H.1 General H.2 Spherical storage tank H.3 Cryogenic concrete tank |
| 118 | Annex I (informative)Frequency ranges |
| 119 | Annex J (informative)Classes of consequence |
| 120 | Annex K (informative)Levels of risk K.1 General K.2 Acceptability criteria |
| 122 | Annex L (informative)Typical process steps of liquefaction L.1 Introduction L.2 Treatment of natural gas/extraction of acid gases L.2.1 General L.2.2 Absorption processes L.2.2.1 Principle of operation L.2.2.2 Operating parameters/performance data |
| 123 | L.2.2.3 Particular features |
| 124 | L.2.3 Molecular sieve adsorption process L.2.4 Other sulphur processes than H2S L.3 Natural gas treatment/dehydration L.3.1 General L.3.2 Principle of operation |
| 125 | L.3.3 Operating parameters/performance data L.3.4 Particular features L.4 Treatment of natural gas/removal of mercury |
| 126 | L.5 Natural gas liquefaction unit L.5.1 General L.5.2 Principle of operation L.5.2.1 Natural gas circuit and fractionation |
| 127 | L.5.2.2 Refrigeration cycles L.5.3 Operating parameters/performance data L.5.4 Low temperatures |
| 128 | L.5.5 Specific equipment L.5.5.1 General L.5.5.2 Cryogenic exchangers |
| 129 | L.5.5.3 Compression systems |
| 130 | L.5.5.4 Cooling system |
| 131 | Annex M (informative)Odourant systems M.1 Odourants in general M.2 Odourant systems requirements M.2.1 General M.2.2 Storage M.2.3 Odourant pumps and valves |
| 132 | M.3 Odourant handling M.3.1 General M.3.2 Delivery M.3.3 Flushing and purging M.4 Odourant injection |
| 133 | M.5 Odourant leakage M.6 Safety of personnel |
