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ASME PTC 4 08 2008

ASME PTC 4 08 2008

$98.04

ASME PTC 4 Fired Steam Generators – Performance Test Codes

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
ASME 2008 294
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PDF Pages PDF Title
7 NOTICE
8 FOREWORD
10 COMMITTEE ROSTER
11 CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE PTC 4 COMMITTEE
FIGURES
TABLES
12 Section 1 Object and Scope
1- 1 OBJECT
1- 2 SCOPE
13 1- 3 TYPICAL UNCERTAINTY FOR EFFICIENCY
14 1- 4 STEAM GENERATOR BOUNDARIES
Table 1- 3- 1 Typical Code Test Uncertainties for Efficiency
16 1-4-1 Typical Oil and Gas-Fired Steam Generator
17 1-4-2 Typical Pulverized Coal-Fired Steam Generator Alternative 1: Single Air Heater
18 1-4-3 Typical Pulverized Coal-Fired Steam Generator Alternative 2: Bisector Air Heater
19 1-4-4 Typical Pulverized Coal-Fired Steam Generator Alternative 3: Trisector Air Heater
20 1-4-5 Typical Circulation Bed Steam Generator
21 1-4-6 Typical Stoker-Coal-Fired Steam Generator
22 1-4-7 Typical Bubbling Bed Steam Generator
23 Section 2 Definitions and Description of Terms
2- 1 DEFINITIONS
26 2- 2 ABBREVIATIONS
2- 3 UNITS AND CONVERSIONS
27 Table 2- 3- 1 Units and Conversions
28 Section 3 Guiding Principles
3- 1 INTRODUCTION
29 3-1-1 Steam Generator Energy Balance
31 3- 2 PERFORMANCE TEST PROCEDURES
Table 3- 1- 1 Comparison of Efficiency Determination
32 3-2-1 Repeatability of Runs
34 Table 3- 2- 1 Operating Parameter Deviations
36 3-2-2 Illustration of Short-Term (Peak to Valley) Fluctuation and Deviation From Long-Term (Run) Average
37 Table 3- 2- 2 Minimum Test- Run Duration
38 3- 3 REFERENCES TO OTHER CODES AND STANDARDS
39 3- 4 TOLERANCES AND TEST UNCERTAINTIES
40 Section 4 Instruments and Methods of Measurement
4- 1 GUIDING PRINCIPLES
4- 2 DATA REQUIRED
41 Table 4- 2- 1 Parameters Required for Efficiency Determination by Energy Balance Method
43 4- 3 GENERAL MEASUREMENT REQUIREMENTS
45 Table 4- 2- 2 Parameters Required for Efficiency Determination by Input– Output Method
46 Table 4- 2- 3 Parameters Required for Capacity Determination
47 Table 4- 2- 4 Parameters Required for Steam Temperature/ Control Range Determination
48 Table 4- 2- 5 Parameters Required for Exit Flue Gas and Air Entering Temperature Determinations
49 Table 4- 2- 6 Parameters Required for Excess Air Determination
50 Table 4- 2- 7 Parameters Required for Water/ Steam Pressure Drop Determinations
51 Table 4- 2- 8 Parameters Required for Air/ Flue Gas Pressure Drop Determinations
52 Table 4- 2- 9 Parameters Required for Air Infiltration Determination
53 Table 4- 2- 10 Parameters Required for Sulfur Capture/ Retention Determination
Table 4- 2- 11 Parameters Required for Calcium- to- Sulfur Molar Ratio Determination
54 Table 4- 2- 12 Parameters Required for Fuel, Air, and Flue Gas Flow Rate Determinations
55 Table 4- 3- 1 Potential Instrumentation Systematic Uncertainty
57 Table 4- 3- 2 Potential Systematic Uncertainty for Coal Properties
Table 4- 3- 3 Potential Systematic Uncertainty for Limestone Properties
58 Table 4- 3- 4 Potential Systematic Uncertainty for Fuel Oil Properties
Table 4- 3- 5 Potential Systematic Uncertainty for Natural Gas Properties
59 4- 4 TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
60 4-4-1 Sampling Grids: Rectangular Ducts
61 4-4-2 Sampling Grids: Circular Ducts
63 4- 5 PRESSURE MEASUREMENT
64 4- 6 VELOCITY TRAVERSE
4- 7 FLOW MEASUREMENT
67 4- 8 SOLID FUEL AND SORBENT SAMPLING
68 4-8-1 Full Stream Cut Solid Sampling Process
69 4-8-2 Typical “Thief” Probe for Solids Sampling in a Solids Stream
71 Table 4- 8- 1 F Distribution
72 4- 9 LIQUID AND GASEOUS FUEL SAMPLING
4- 10 SAMPLING OF FLUE GAS
73 4- 11 RESIDUE SAMPLING
74 4- 12 FUEL, SORBENT, AND RESIDUE ANALYSIS
4- 13 FLUE GAS ANALYSIS
75 4- 14 ELECTRIC POWER
76 4- 15 HUMIDITY
4- 16 MEASUREMENTS FOR SURFACE RADIATION AND CONVECTION LOSS
78 Section 5 Computation of Results
5- 1 INTRODUCTION
5- 2 MEASUREMENT DATA REDUCTION
81 5- 3 CAPACITY
5- 4 OUTPUT ( QrO), Btu/ hr ( W)
Btu/ hr ( W)
82 5- 5 INPUT
5- 6 ENERGY BALANCE
83 5- 7 EFFICIENCY
84 5- 8 FUEL PROPERTIES
86 5- 9 SORBENT AND OTHER ADDITIVE PROPERTIES
88 5- 10 RESIDUE PROPERTIES
90 5- 11 COMBUSTION AIR PROPERTIES
93 5- 12 FLUE GAS PRODUCTS
95 5- 13 AIR AND FLUE GAS TEMPERATURE
98 5- 14 LOSSES
105 5- 15 CREDITS
106 5- 16 UNCERTAINTY
108 Table 5- 16- 1 Two- Tailed Student’s t – Table for the 95% Confidence Level
109 5- 17 OTHER OPERATING PARAMETERS
110 5- 18 CORRECTIONS TO STANDARD OR DESIGN CONDITIONS
120 5- 19 ENTHALPY OF AIR, FLUE GAS, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES COMMONLY REQUIRED FOR ENERGY BALANCE CALCULATIONS
126 5- 20 CALCULATION ACRONYMS
127 5-19-1 Mean Specific Heat of Dry Air Versus Temperature
128 5-19-2 Mean Specific Heat of Water Vapor Versus Temperature
130 5-19-3 Mean Specific Heat of Dry Flue Gas Versus Temperature
131 5-19-4 Mean Specific Heat of Dry Residue Versus Temperature
133 Table 5- 20.2- 1 Acronyms
139 Table 5- 20.2- 2 Measurement and Uncertainty Acronyms
140 Section 6 Report of Test Results
6- 1 INTRODUCTION
6- 2 REPORT CONTENTS
142 Section 7 Uncertainty Analysis
7- 1 INTRODUCTION
7- 2 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
144 7-2.2-1 Types of Errors in Measurements
7-2.2-2 Time Dependence of Errors
146 7-2.3-1 Constant Value and Continuous Variable Models
148 7- 3 PRETEST UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS AND TEST PLANNING
149 7- 4 EQUATIONS AND PROCEDURES FOR DETERMINING THE STANDARD DEVIATION FOR THE ESTIMATE OF RANDOM ERROR
153 7- 5 EQUATIONS AND GUIDANCE FOR DETERMINING SYSTEMATIC UNCERTAINTY
155 7-5.2.1-1 Generic Calibration Curve
158 7- 6 UNCERTAINTY OF TEST RESULTS
160 NONMANDATORY APPENDICES
A CALCULATION FORMS
A- 1 INTRODUCTION
A- 2 SYSTEM OF UNITS
161 A- 3 ORDER OF CALCULATIONS
162 A- 4 EFFICIENCY CALCULATIONS: INSTRUCTIONS FOR EFF FORMS
164 A- 5 COMBUSTION CALCULATIONS: INSTRUCTIONS FOR CMBSTN FORMS
168 A- 6 GASEOUS FUELS: INSTRUCTIONS FOR GAS FORM
A- 7 UNBURNED CARBON AND RESIDUE CALCULATIONS: INSTRUCTIONS FOR RES FORM
170 A- 8 SORBENT CALCULATION SHEET: MEASURED C AND CO
IN RESIDUE
172 A- 9 OUTPUT: INSTRUCTIONS FOR FORM OUTPUT
173 A- 10 DATA REDUCTION WORKSHEETS: INSTRUCTIONS FOR DATA FORMS
174 A- 11 UNCERTAINTY CALCULATIONS: INSTRUCTIONS FOR UNCERTAINTY WORKSHEET FORMS
194 B SAMPLE CALCULATIONS
B- 1 TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
B- 2 PRESSURE MEASUREMENT
196 B- 3 FLOW MEASUREMENT
197 B- 4 OUTPUT CALCULATION
218 B- 5 COAL- FIRED STEAM GENERATOR
B- 6 OIL- FIRED STEAM GENERATOR
273 C DERIVATIONS
C- 1 INTRODUCTION
C- 2 DERIVATIONS OF SULFUR CAPTURE/ RETENTION FROM MEASURED O
AND SO
277 D GROSS EFFICIENCY: ENERGY BALANCE AND INPUTΠOUTPUT METHOD LHV EFFICIENCY: ENERGY BALANCE METHOD
278 D- 4 EFFICIENCY ON A LOWER HEATING VALUE,
BASIS
280 E THE PROBABLE EFFECTS OF COAL PROPERTIES ON PULVERIZED COAL AND COAL AND SORBENT PROPERTIES ON FLUIDIZED BED STEAM GENERATOR DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE
E- 1 INTRODUCTION
E- 2 PULVERIZED COAL FIRED STEAM GENERATORS
E- 3 FLUIDIZED BED COMBUSTION COAL FIRED STEAM GENERATORS
281 Table E- 2- 1 Effects of Coal Ranks on Steam Generators
Table E- 2- 2 Effects of Coal Properties on Steam Generator Design and Performance
282 Table E- 2- 2 Effects of Coal Properties on Steam Generator Design and Performance ( Cont’d)
284 Table E- 3- 1 Proximate Analysis for Coal
285 Table E- 3- 2 Ultimate Analysis of Coal
286 Table E- 3- 3 Special Tests and Size Analysis for Coal
287 Table E- 3- 4 Special AFBC Tests for Coal
288 Table E- 3- 5 Chemical Analysis of Sorbent
289 Table E- 3- 6 Size and TGA Analysis and Geological Classification of Sorbent
290 Table E- 3- 7 Attrition, Grain, and Pore Size Analysis of Sorbent
291 F REFERENCES

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