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BS IEC 60034-27-2:2023 – TC 2024

BS IEC 60034-27-2:2023 – TC 2024

$280.87

Radiation protection instrumentation. Installed personnel surface contamination monitors – On-line partial discharge measurements on the stator winding insulation

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2024 171
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PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
100 undefined
102 English
CONTENTS
106 FOREWORD
108 INTRODUCTION
110 1 Scope
2 Normative references
111 3 Terms and definitions
113 4 Cause and effects of on-line PD
114 5 Noise and disturbances
5.1 General
5.2 Noise and disturbance sources
115 6 Measuring techniques and instruments
6.1 General
Figures
Figure 1 – Generic overview of PD measuring system and its subsystems
116 6.2 Pulse propagation in windings
6.3 Signal transfer characteristics
Figure 2 – Cascade of frequency response channels
117 Figure 3 – Idealized frequency response of a PD pulse at the PD source andat the machine terminals; frequency response of different PD measuring systems:a) low frequency range, b) high frequency range, c) very high frequency range
119 6.4 PD sensors
6.4.1 General
6.4.2 Design of PD sensors
120 6.4.3 Reliability of PD sensors
6.5 PD measuring device
121 6.6 PD measuring parameters
6.6.1 General
6.6.2 PD magnitude
6.6.3 Additional PD parameters
7 Installation of measuring systems
7.1 General
7.2 Installation of PD sensors
122 7.3 Outside access point and cabling
123 7.4 Installation of the PD measuring device
7.5 Installation of operational data acquisition systems
124 8 Normalization of measurements
8.1 General
8.2 Normalization for low frequency systems
8.2.1 General
8.2.2 Normalization procedure
125 8.3 Normalization / sensitivity check for high and very high frequency systems
8.3.1 Specification for the electronic pulse generation
Figure 4 – Measuring object, during normalization, neutral pointin same condition as during operation
126 Figure 5 – Arrangement for sensitivity check
127 8.3.2 Configuration of the machine
8.3.3 Sensitivity check
9 Measuring procedures
9.1 General
128 9.2 Machine operating parameters
9.3 Baseline measurement
9.3.1 General
9.3.2 Comprehensive test procedure
129 9.4 Periodic measurements
Figure 6 – Recommended test procedure with consecutive loadand temperature conditions
130 9.5 Continuous measurements
10 Visualization of measurements
10.1 General
Table 1 – Operating condition stability to obtain valid trends in PD
131 10.2 Visualization of trending parameters
10.3 Visualization of PD patterns
Figure 7 – Example of the trend in peak PD activity in three phases overan 18-year interval using periodic measurements
132 Figure 8 – Examples of a PRPD pattern
133 Figure 9 – Phase to phase PD PRPD plots where the PD is caused by insufficient spacing between the endwindings of phases B and C
134 11 Interpretation of on-line measurements
11.1 General
11.2 Evaluation of basic trend parameters
135 11.3 Evaluation of PD patterns
11.3.1 General
136 11.3.2 PD pattern interpretation
11.4 Effect of machine operating factors
11.4.1 General
11.4.2 Machine operating factors
137 11.4.3 Steady state load conditions
11.4.4 Transient load conditions
138 12 Test report
141 Annex A (informative)Nature of PD in rotating electrical machines
A.1 Types of PD in rotating electrical machines
A.1.1 General
A.1.2 Internal discharges
142 A.1.3 Slot discharges
A.1.4 Discharges in the end-winding
A.1.5 Conductive particles
A.2 Arcing and sparking
A.2.1 General
143 A.2.2 Arcing at broken conductors
A.2.3 Vibration sparking
144 Annex B (informative)Disturbance rejection and signal separation
B.1 General
B.2 Frequency domain separation
B.3 Time domain separation
145 B.4 Combination of frequency and time domain separation
Figure B.1 – Example for time domain separation by time of pulse arrival
146 B.5 Synchronous multi-channel measurement
Figure B.2 – Combined time and frequency domain disturbance separation(time frequency map)
147 B.6 Signal gating
Figure B.3 – 3 phase star diagram of multi-channel measurement
148 B.7 Pattern recognition
150 Annex C (informative)Examples of Phase Resolved Partial Discharge (PRPD) pattern
C.1 General
C.2 Principal appearance of phase resolved PD patterns
151 Figure C.1 – Phase-earth driven PD – PD predominantly centeredon 45° and 225° after zero crossing of phase-to-earth voltage
152 Figure C.2 – PD events and other sources, e.g. non-PD sources, that are not centered on 45° and 225° after zero crossing of phase-to-earth voltage
153 C.3 Example of typical PRPD patterns recorded in laboratory
C.3.1 General
C.3.2 Internal discharges
154 Figure C.3 – Example of internal void discharges PRPD pattern,recorded during laboratory simulation
Figure C.4 – Example of internal delamination PRPD pattern,recorded during laboratory simulation
155 C.3.3 Slot partial discharges
Figure C.5 – Example of delamination between conductorand insulation PRPD pattern, recorded during laboratory simulation
156 C.3.4 Discharges in the end-winding
Figure C.6 – Slot partial discharges activity and corresponding PRPD pattern,recorded during laboratory simulation
Figure C.7 – Corona activity at the S/C and stress grading coating,and corresponding PRPD pattern, recorded during laboratory simulation
157 Figure C.8 – Surface tracking activity along the end arm and correspondingPRPD pattern, recorded during laboratory simulation
158 Figure C.9 – Surface discharges at the junction between stress control and conductive slot coatings:a) Insulating tape simulating a bad electrical connection between conductive slot coating and stress control coating and the corresponding PRPD;b) and c) the connection is completely interrupted
159 C.4 Example of typical PRPD patterns recorded on-line
C.4.1 General
C.4.2 Internal discharges
Figure C.10 – Gap type discharge activities and corresponding PRPD patterns,recorded during laboratory simulations
160 Figure C.11 – Example of internal void discharges PRPD pattern,recorded on-line
Figure C.12 – Example of internal delamination PRPD pattern, recorded on-line
161 C.4.3 Slot partial discharges
Figure C.13 – Example of delamination between conductor andinsulation PRPD pattern, recorded on-line
162 C.4.4 Discharges in the end-winding
Figure C.14 – PD pattern of phase 2 recorded on-line in April 2012without any filtering indicating slot PD
Figure C.15 – Picture of a bar removed for expertise chosen to be the one with the highest level on phase 2 and close to line side when scanning slots using the TVA probe in January 2014
Figure C.16 – PD pattern recorded on-line on phase 2 in September 2016 (maximum scale is 1 V)
163 Figure C.17 – PRPD plot and photo of a stator bar in the same phase of a large aircooled turbine generator showing signs of deterioration of the slot conductive coating, as well deterioration of the interface between the slot conductive coating and the stress control coating
Figure C.18 – Surface tracking activity along the end arm andcorresponding PRPD pattern, recorded on-line
164 Figure C.19 – Degradation caused by gap type dischargesand corresponding PRPD patterns, recorded on-line
165 C.5 Other complex examples
Figure C.20 – PRPD pattern recorded on-line, illustratingmultiple PD sources showing the complexity
166 Figure C.21 – Three phase PRPD showing phase to phase PD between A and B phases as well as B and C phases; photo showing the as-found PD in the endwinding area due to inadequate separation between the phases
167 Annex D (normative)Specifications for conventional PD coupling capacitors
D.1 General
D.2 Datasheet information
D.3 Type tests
D.3.1 General
D.3.2 Voltage endurance
168 D.3.3 Tracking resistance
D.3.4 Lightning impulse test
D.3.5 Dissipation factor
D.3.6 Capacitance stability in temperature
D.3.7 Thermal cycling
D.3.8 Frequency response
D.4 Mechanical vibration and shock capabilities
169 D.5 Routine tests
D.5.1 General
D.5.2 Dielectric withstand test at power frequency
D.5.3 Partial discharge extinction voltage test
D.5.4 Capacitance and dissipation factor

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BS IEC 60034-27-2:2023 - TC 2024
$280.87